General Provision on Road Traffic

Article (2)
All road users shall consider the utmost care, and remain vigilant and cautious so as not to harm or endanger others to more than the inevitable extent that may be posed by the circumstances.

Article (3)
It is not allowed to leave or throw garbage including dust, stones, and construction materials… etc, impeding movement on roads or causing harm to users thereof. Actions that cause roads to be filthy shall be prohibited.
It is not allowed to place or leave anything on the road if it would endanger or obstruct traffic. The responsible for such action shall clear the road immediately. Accordingly, the required caution and warning signs shall be displayed along with red light if necessary, until the road is cleared.
It is -by no means- allowed to misuse pavements, roads or any part thereof, obstructing traffic or pedestrians. Public, private and other companies, authorities, and institutions, in addition to contractors and others shall get a permit from the competent traffic unit before starting any constructions, drilling, or gravelling operations. Moreover, in the morning, they shall display warning boards and red signs, while at night they shall use red lighted lanterns showing the location of the operation; provided that it is visible from a distance of at least 100 meters away from that location. The Competent traffic unit, before granting the permit, shall ensure that all necessary preventive measures shall be taken.
​​​ Article (4)
Each vehicle driver, prior to its movement, shall examine the vehicle and all devices thereof, ensuring its good condition, and roadworthiness with no risks posed either to others or to the vehicle itself. The driver shall ensure that the vehicle meets all provisions stipulated by law and regulations. The driver also shall ensure that the vehicle's passengers and cargo meet these provisions. During driving, the driver shall ensure that the driver and the person therebeside are using safety belts. Motorcyclists shall put on a safety helmet while driving. Using mobile phones in hands shall be prohibited.

Article(5)
A vehicle's driver shall ensure the vehicle is free of anything -that may obscure the vision- including the vehicle condition, passengers, cargo, posters, hangings, or anything else. Children under four years are not allowed to sit in the front seats. All vehicle's lights shall always be there and operatable.

Article (6)
In case of a vehicle malfunction, which would affect or impede traffic, the driver shall withdraw the vehicle promptly taking a shortcut.

Article(7)
Vehicles drivers and other road users shall give way to accredited emergency vehicles (such as fire engines, ambulances, civil defense and police vehicles) on their way to render services to urgent emergency cases.
Such vehicles may use a special emergency siren, and red or blue flashing lights that shall be visible from a distance of at least 150 meters.
If necessary, an emergency vehicle driver- while heading to render a service - doesn't have to adhere to traffic rules, lights and signs. However, the driver shall drive with utmost consideration and caution to the necessary extent -so as not to endanger individuals or cause financial losses- provided that emergency sirens are used. These provisions are not applicable on the way back when the mission is done.

Article (8)
Other vehicles shall not use sirens or flashing lights of emergency vehicles or similar ones.

Article(9)
The competent governor- in consultation with the local public council- may determine colours of all vehicles paintings excluding private ones.
No vehicle shall have the same paintings of armed forces, police, ambulances, fire engines or emergency vehicles.

Article (10)
Road users shall be cautious and attentive and shall drive at moderate speed while approaching or crossing railways with adherence to audiovisual signals. They shall not overpass roadblocks if existed. In case roadblocks do not exist, road users shall decelerate before crossing these ways and check if there is any vehicle crossing or approaching the railways.
Deceleration while crossing railways shall be prohibited unless necessary. In case a vehicle has to stop while crossing these ways, the driver shall move it promptly away from the railways. In case the driver can't move the vehicle; he shall do his best to warn drivers and users on the railway.

Article (11)
Road users shall in all cases stop before the railway crossing. If no sign exists before the railway crossing, road users shall stop to ensure that no vehicle is approaching on the railway. Road users shall always stop if a railway crossing staff member indicated the same. Lights of stopping vehicles before the railway crossing shall never dazzle others.

Article (12)
Drivers shall use horns only if necessary to keep road users alert to the vehicle's approach, to any danger that may cause therefrom or thereto, Horns shall not be used in a manner that disturbs passersby or the public, or pollutes the environment in breach of the environmental law no. 4/1994. Horns may not be of multi-tones and may not emit other tones or sounds that are inadequate for its purpose.

Article (13)
Horns shall not be used continuously or for purposes other than road safety.
Horns shall not be used particularly in the following cases:

1. Near hospitals or schools.
2. In populated areas from midnight to 6:00 am
3. During the vehicle's idle time
4. At locations and times determined by the competent traffic unit.

Article (14)
Vehicles shall not be used in private processions or gatherings.

Article (15)
No writings, drawings, or any data shall be displayed - on the vehicle's body -other than those stipulated by laws and regulations. Vehicles shall not be used for advertisement purposes by displaying signs or mock-up models on the vehicles or any external part thereof unless it is permitted by the competent governorate upon the approval of the traffic unit thereof and for a certain time-limit. Upon the approval of the competent traffic unit, the owner's name, address, trademark or logo, and business may be displayed on passengers transit vehicles and common transportation vehicles on condition that it wouldn't affect the clear display of the required data as stipulated by law, by these rules, or as instructed by the competent traffic unit.

Article (16)
Road users shall give way for official convoys or the like; once their approach is announced via sound or light alerts, and they shall stop whenever necessary. In such cases road users shall be on the far right of the road.

Article (17)
A race may not be held on public roads without permission of the competent governor or governors and after providing the necessary guarantees to compensate for any damage that may arise thereof.

Article (18)
Vehicles drivers shall stop whenever traffic officers orders the same.

Article (19) 
Each moving vehicle shall always have a driver even if it is trailed. Vehicles stipulated in article (6) shall be excluded.

Article (20)
Individuals or flocks of, draft and ridden animals shall be accompanied by a responsible master or a sufficient number of masters to control their movement and they may not be left unaccompanied on the road unless they are leashed to restrain their movement. They shall be controlled so that one can pass by or across them smoothly and without traffic obstruction.

Article (21)
Drivers of rapid transit vehicles shall not leave their vehicles on the road for whatever reason unless the vehicle is locked properly, all measures shall be taken to prevent potential accidents or traffic obstruction the vehicle may cause, and all precautions shall be taken to prevent any others from using the vehicle. The vehicle may not be left with its key inside.

Article (22)
Any unnecessary disturbance shall be avoided while using the vehicle. Particularly, doors, hood, and boot shall not be slammed.

Article (23)
Whoever rides or get off the vehicle shall not endanger road users. Vehicle's doors shall not be opened or closed or left opened unless, it is ensured that such action will not endanger road users.

Article (24)
Rapid transit vehicles engine shall not be left unnecessarily running. Unreasonable round-trips are not allowed, especially when such trips cause disturbance.

3rd: Traffic Rules

Article (25)

• A vehicle driver shall drive at the far right particularly in the following cases:
  

• The vehicle's actual speed is much lower than the maximum speed of the road.
• The vision is not sufficiently clear.
• Another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction.
• The driver is giving the way to another vehicle to overtake his own one.
• The driver is going to turn right.

• In case the road or any part thereof is marked off by broken lines to be divided into several lanes the driver shall stay within his lane and shall not move to another one unless others safety and normal traffic flow are ensured. The driver shall alert road users about his turn in a timely manner using waring and visual signals.
• In case a two-sided road is divided into two lanes, and marked-off by long solid lines, the driver shall not overpass these lines.
• In case a two-sided road is divided into three lanes the vehicle's driver may use the middle lane after ensuring that the lane is free of speeding vehicles and vehicles from the opposite direction and that this action will not endanger others or the traffic flow. The driver shall not-in all cases- use the road of the opposite direction on the far left.
• In case a two- sided road is divided into four or more lanes as previously mentioned the vehicle's driver may use the nearest internal lane of the opposite direction after ensuring that such action will not endanger others or the traffic flow. The vehicle's driver shall not-in all cases- shift his direction unless others safety is ensured and he shall show clearly his intention to turn using blinkers.
• Driving against the traffic is prohibited.

Article (27)
The driver of a vehicle- during driving- shall ensure that his vehicle will not endanger others whenever he intends to exit or enter a lane, move right or left, enter a close area, exit the road, make a U- turn or reverse. He shall alert other about such intention in a timely manner using blinkers and he shall consider the following:

• Ensuring that such action will not endanger others or the driver himself;
• Estimating the status and the speed of other road users;
• Displaying such intention clearly before the movement in a timely manner and from a sufficient distance using his hands or the blinkers; such signals shall continue during the movement;
• Driving on the far right if the driver is going to turn right, driving as near as possible from the axis of a two-sided road if the driver is going to turn left, and driving on the far left of a one-sided road.

The driver shall drive steadily and get ready to turn in a timely manner before reaching the turning point. Before driving steadily to turn and before turning, the driver shall be cautious about the traffic flow following his vehicle. Turning right shall be prohibited unless the driver needs to stop on the right or to head to the right or if it is allowed by traffic signs.

Article (28)
Cyclists shall be on the right of other vehicles that are going to turn right in the same direction.

 
Article (29)
Drivers who are turning left shall allow the opposite vehicles to turn right without impedance.

Article (30)
Where a driver is getting ready to exit a building heading to a road, to exit a part of the road heading to the middle of the road, or to move from the roadside – where he stopped or waited- he shall not drive on the road or its middle unless others' safety is ensured. The driver shall alert others of such movement –in a timely manner-by vehicle's blinkers or hand signals. The driver also shall consider the same when he enters a building.
In all cases, this process shall be performed at a low speed.
The driver shall-if necessary- ask for a guide's help while entering or exiting a building, a road turn or curve.

Article (31)
The driver shall not reverse his vehicle unless necessary provided that he does not impede the traffic. Before reversing the vehicle, the driver shall notify others by signals, shall check the road, and shall ensure road users safety. The driver shall not reverse the vehicle for a distance exceeds the vehicle's length.

Article (32)
Cyclists shall use the right side of the road and shall not use the rest of the road that is allocated to vehicles or pedestrians and shall not use the pavement. Cyclists shall only use cycle lane if existed. Cyclists shall pass individually one by one.

Article (33)
Slow moving vehicles drivers shall use the right side of the road as much as possible.

IV: Safety Distance

Article (34)
A vehicle's driver shall leave a sufficient distance between his vehicle and the front one to be able to stop when the front vehicle slows down or suddenly stops. The driver shall be alert to signals of the front driver. The driver of the front vehicle shall not stop suddenly unless necessary.

Article (35)
Slow moving vehicles, vehicles driven at low speed, and other vehicles of more than 7 meters length shall leave a sufficient distance between them and the front vehicle to allow another vehicle to overtake or to occupy this space. This is not applicable if the vehicle itself moves to overtake and signaled the same, and if the traffic direction is divided into lanes. It is not applicable either where overtaking is not allowed.

Article (36)
Drivers of vehicles moving in one group shall leave a distance of not less than 30 meters- among them; to allow overtaking vehicles to use this distance avoiding accidents and dangers.

V: Oppositeness

Article (37)
Opposite vehicles shall move close to the right as much as possible; to leave a sufficient distance on the left side. In case this is unattainable due to the existence of obstacles or other road users, the driver shall slow down or even stop-if necessary- till the opposite road users pass.

Article (38)
In roads where oppositeness is hard or dangerous to deal with -as in slopes- drivers moving downwards shall move as close as possible to the road edge on their right side or even stop totally to let the vehicle moving upwards pass smoothly. In case the ascendant vehicle exists in a wide section of the road that is used or can be used as a temporary stop, the driver thereof shall stop to allow for the passage of the vehicle moving downward.

6th Overtaking

Article (39)
Overtaking shall always take place from the left side. Drivers shall not overtake other vehicles unless they have a clear and complete vision and after examining the road to check if there is any obstacle or danger posed from the opposite traffic.

 
Article (40)

Before overtaking, each vehicle driver shall consider the following:

• No following driver has already started overtaking his vehicle, or has warned to indicate doing the same.
• The front vehicle driver –in the same lane- didn't use any sign showing his desire to overtake.
• Having a clear vision of the path he is heading to; so as not to impede or endanger the opposite traffic. His speed versus the speed of the road users -he is trying to overtake- is also shall be considered.
• Showing clearly, in a timely manner, his intention to overtake, alerting road users, that he will overtake, using signals, and making sure of their response.
• Being far from road users he intends to overtake by maintaining a sufficient distance on the lateral side.

Article (41)
Once the driver overtakes, he shall drive steadily by moving gradually to the right as soon as possible. The driver shall not bother the overtaken vehicle, and shall drive on the far right of the vehicle road without bothering road users. The driver may keep on the same lane of the overtaking if he has to overtake another vehicle provided that he does not bother or disturb the following vehicles drivers.

 
Article (42)
In case a vehicle is being overtaken, its driver shall slow down his speed, and shall drive on the far right of the road as much as he can to allow for the overtaking vehicle. He shall not accelerate during overtaking until it is completed.

 
Article (43)
If a vehicle is driven at a speed lower than that of the overtaking vehicle – due to the vehicle status or its limited maximum speed-its driver shall decelerate at the appropriate part of the road or even stop to let a number of following vehicles overtake his own.

 
Article (44)
In case a driver signals to head to left, and then he drives steadily after turning left, other vehicles may overtake his own one on his right side.

 
Article (45)
Vehicles on the railways may be overtaken on the right side unless they are on far right of the vehicle's road; they can be overtaken on left side then, post checking the flow of the opposite traffic. Where the traffic is one sided even for railway vehicles, overtaking can be on the left side.

Article (46)

A vehicle's driver shall not overtake other vehicles in the following cases and places:

• Insufficient range of vision;
• Obscured vision;
• The vehicle ahead is driven at a speed hard to overtake, it is overtaking another vehicle, or the following vehicle is overtaking.
• The opposite traffic flow does not allow for a safe complete overtaking for all its parties and for road users.
• At crossroads, on railways, on bridges, and in tunnels.
• A number of vehicles stopped due to a signal or traffic impedance.
• In curves, turns, heights, slopes, slippery roads, crossroads, squares, and near pedestrian crossings.
• Lanes marked by solid lines; where neither driving over these lines nor changing lanes is allowed.
• Places where overtaking is forbidden by signs, traffic lights, or traffic instructions.

Article (47)
Incase a vehicle's driver is passing on the left of another parked vehicle, or an existing obstruction, he shall allow for the passage of the opposite vehicles first. Incase he has to turn left he should be cautious about the following traffic and to show such desire as in overtaking cases. While the driver is passing by these obstructions, the vehicles shall overtake him.

7th: Speed

Article (48)
A drivers shall not drive beyond the speed at which he can control the vehicle as appropriate to the traffic conditions, the vision, the weather, the driver's condition and his personal capabilities, the vehicle and cargo conditions, and any other surrounding conditions. Consequently, the speed shall not exceed the limit at which the driver can stop the vehicle within the visible part of the road. On narrow roads, where the speed may pose a risk to the opposite traffic, the driver shall slow down so he can stop within the middle of the visible part of the road. In case the vision is not totally clear, the driver has to stop.

Article (49)
Vehicles may not slow down impeding the traffic with no justification.

Article (50)
Subject to this rule, as appropriate to road conditions, the vehicle maximum speed shall be as follows:

In cities:

• Trailers and semi trailers: 40 km/h
• The rest of vehicles: 60km/h

In resedential, tourism and industrial zones

• All types of vehicles: 40 km/h

Highways or main roads affiliated to the General Authority for Road and Bridges; connecting governorates, and

• Trucks and semi trailers: 60km/h
• Cargo vehicles: 70km/h
• Passengers vehicles: 90 km/h
• The rest of vehicles: 90km/h

Desert Roads

• Cairo/Alexandria- Cairo/Ismailia/PortSaid- Cairo/Suez-Cairo/Belbes- Alexandria/Matrouh/Al-Salloum-Cairo/EL fayoum-Wadi El Natron/El Alamein
• Trailers and semi Trailers: 70 km/h
• Cargo vehicles: 80 km/h
  
• Passengers vehicle: 90 km/h
• The rest of vehicles:100 km/h

The minimum speed of rapid transit vehicles shall be 15 km/h inside cities, and 30 km/h outside cities. Agricultural tractors are allowed to be driven at a minimum speed of 10 km/h on condition that they are driven on the far right of vehicle road.

Article (52)
Each vehicle driver shall decelerate the speed of his vehicle while passing by built-up areas, turns, curves, slopes, and crossroads, while approaching pedestrian crossings, while driving in the vicinity of animals or overtaking them.

Article (53)
In case any vehicle driver will decelerate or will drive at much lower speed, he shall previously ensure that this would not risk the following vehicles unless he does the same at a sudden risk. He shall express such desire clearly and early enough by using turn signals, hand signals, and brakes backlights.

Article (54)
Any vehicle driver shall not use brakes suddenly either to stop or decelerate his vehicle unless necessary.

Article (55)
Both public service vehicles and cargo vehicles may not overtake one another either inside or outside cities unless this would not impede the traffic. Slow moving vehicles of the same kind may not overtake one another unless this would not impede the traffic.

VIII: Crossroads - Traffic priorities

Article (56)
When a driver exists a side road or an unpaved road to drive on a paved road he shall stop to allow for the passage of vehicles on this road. The driver shall not drive on that road unless traffic safety is ensured.

Article (57)
At crossroads, where traffic is not regulated by a traffic agent, traffic signs, or traffic signals- priority of passage is determined as follows:

• Vehicles already on crossroads
• Vehicles travelling on a main road intersected by a side road
• Vehicles approaching from the right side of the vehicles, regardless of their type, on roads of the same category
• Cars are prioritized to other vehicles
• Without prejudice to article (55) of this regulation, vehicles travelling on rails are prioritized to other types of vehicles.
• Carriage and bikes are prioritized to other slow moving vehicles.

Article (58)
To comply with priority rules, a vehicle driver shall decelerate to show his readiness to stop when necessary. The vehicle driver shall stop unless he ensures he wouldn't risk or substantially obstruct the prioritized vehicles. Incase the vision - at this spot of the road- is not totally clear to the driver; he shall drive cautiously till he gets a complete vision. Even if the prioritized vehicle changed its direction, the driver obliged to wait shall not considerably obstruct this vehicle. Pedestrians pulling a slow moving vehicle shall always wait.

Article (59)
Whenever traffic is blocked or slowed, regardless of priority, green traffic lights or any signals allow for vehicles passage, drivers shall not go through crossroads at which they will stop.

Article (60)
According to traffic conditions, drivers shall disregard their right to continue travelling on a road, or their priority to pass as granted under traffic rules whenever necessary. However, no other driver shall assume such an attitude without clear conveyance from the drivers concerned. This exception is meant to avoid endangering road users, or causing them unjustified harm, impediment, or disturbance; and to avoid traffic blockage or inconvenience –so as to have smooth traffic flow.

Article (61)
Railway vehicles have the priority to pass the following crossroads:

1. Level crossings displaying Saint Andrew's Cross:
   
2. Level crossings on narrow unpaved road;
3. Where no other signs exist.

All other vehicles shall stop before the sign of Saint Andrew's cross. Pedestrians shall stop at a suitable distance in the following cases:

1. A railway vehicle is approaching;
2. There is a warning red or yellow flashing light or reflective red light;
3. The level crossing agent signals to stop.

9th: Stop

Article (62)
A vehicle shall not stop in any place other than parking areas, unless it stops for pick ups, drop offs, loading, or unloading, on condition that it does not stop where it is explicitly prohibited.

Article (63)
The vehicle shall stop gradually causing no disturbance to the traffic flow. Such process shall be preceded by a light or hand signal. The driver shall keep his vehicle or his animals as close as possible to the right of the vehicle road and shall keep it parallel thereto unless otherwise permitted in the area where vehicles stop is allowed. Where it is prohibited to stop by the right side by means of traffic signs, or because of railway lines, and where it is permitted to stop by the left side while it is prohibited to stop by the right one in a one way road, vehicles may to stop or wait by the left side. Drivers may to stop or wait in the middle of a vehicles road and in other places where signs show the same.

Article (64)
Outside cities and in inhabited places, vehicles and animals stop shall be at the far right of vehicle road in the direction of the traffic flow; avoiding road divisions allocated to bicycles and pedestrians. Where a vehicle driver has to stop his vehicle in the middle of a vehicle road, he shall use light and reflexive warning signs to alert the following vehicles. Such signs shall be visible at sufficient distance, especially at night, and in areas where the stoppage is non-permissible.

Article (65)
No vehicle shall stop at a distance of less than 5 meters from junctions, squares entrances, pedestrian crossings, bus stops, and level crossings.

Article (66)
Vehicles shall wait in designated areas; in an aligning line, and in the traffic direction. Waiting is only permitted in allocated areas, at a distance of at least 5 meters from junctions, square entrances, pedestrian crossings, bus stops and level crossings.

Article (67)
Waiting or stoppage shall never impede traffic, or obscure vision.

Article (68)
Waiting and parking are forbidden in the following areas:

1. Pedestrian crossings, pavements, bicycle passages, and level crossings.
2. On railways or near them causing impediment thereto.
3. On bridges, upper passages, tunnels unless there are designated areas.
4. On high lands, slopes, turns, and curves of vehicle road or near them where the vision is not clear enough to guarantee a safe overtake considering the vehicle's speed at this part of the road.
5. On vehicle road's solid traffic lines where over passing is banned, and where the distance between the vehicle and these lines is less than three meters.
6. Where the vehicle parking would obscure other road users' vision of light signals and traffic lights.
7. Where stoppage would impede the movement of another parked vehicle.
8. On the vehicle road; next to another parked vehicle.
9. Where parking is banned under traffic rules.

Article (69)
Where a public transport vehicle is to pick up passengers or drop them off, it shall park by the pavement of the station; leaving no space for any other vehicle to pass. Where such pavement is a roundabout, any other vehicle shall pass by the right side of the public transport vehicle, it shall decelerate in order not to endanger passengers, and it shall stop whenever necessary. It shall not impede or disturb passengers. Passengers shall wait on the designated road pavement at the stations, and not on the vehicle road. Where there is no pavement, they shall wait on the far right of the road or on the designated roundabout.

Article (70)
Vehicle driver shall decelerate his vehicle or even stop whenever necessary so as to allow for school buses to pick up or drop off students causing no disturbance thereto.

Article (71)
Both taxi and carriage drivers shall wait only in designated areas (stops) determined by the authorized traffic unit. A sign shall be placed in such areas showing its borders, capacity, and operating hours. Drivers shall not go on trips looking for clients away from designated stops. However, they may stop accidentally at the far right of the road to pick up or drop off a passenger away from the station. Yet, they shall not move suddenly to right, or move in a manner that endangers pedestrians, vehicles, or the drivers themselves.

Article (72)
The authorized traffic unit may lift vehicles from no parking areas, and from areas where they impede traffic or where these vehicles may be endangered. Such vehicles shall be placed in designated areas. The vehicle's owner shall be notified of the vehicle's location and shall pay the expenses of the vehicle's lifting and parking as determined by the local council so as not to exceed 25 pounds. If the vehicle is parked for more than two days, the owner shall pay one pound for each additional day or part of a day.

Article (73)
Vehicles shall be kept in designated areas, and shall not be left neglected in any place on the road. The vehicle or debris thereof is considered to be neglected when it is left on the road and remained for 48 hours from the date of the competent traffic unit notification to the concerned person through a police record where the vehicle's specifications, location is registered in addition to the time when it was found, the name of the owner thereof if it is known, the plate numbers if they are still fixed, and all conditions surrounding the vehicle. The notification shall be to the owner, the possessor, the guard, or the person responsible for the vehicle or for debris thereof. Where the vehicle or the debris thereof is not lifted during the due time, the local council shall be notified and it may destruct the vehicle or debris thereof, lift it to be placed in a designated place on the owner's expenses, or sell it at a public auction on the owner's account. All expenses of this process including lifting the vehicle or debris thereof as determined by the competent Local Council shall be deducted from the selling price. Where the selling price does not cover these expenses, the owner shall pay the difference as determined by law.

X: Signals

(Article 74)
On all roads- whether equipped with public lights or not-and in tunnels, each vehicle driver shall use the vehicle's lights at night (between dawn and sunrise), and in the morning where the vision is not clear for whatever reason as fog, thunder, and heavy rains.

(Article 75)
Each vehicle's driver shall use appropriate lights and shall put the warning reflective sign whenever the driver stops his vehicle at night where the vision is not clear.

(Article76)
With no prejudice to measures prescribed in this law, or any heavier penalty under any other law, any person who possess or uses in his vehicle devices that detect the location of, or jam vehicle speed monitors shall be subject to a penalty of three-month imprisonment at most, and a fine of 500-1000 pounds or either of both penalties. In addition, the court rules to expropriate such devices.

(Article 77)
Vehicle drivers may not use red lights, devices, or any red reflective materials at the vehicle's front, and may not use either white or yellow flashlight, or any non red reflective material at the vehicle's back.

Article (78)
Pedestrian groups and herders of: individual cattle or groups of cattle, draft animals, working animals, and animals to be ridden shall use lights and reflective lights while moving at night along the vehicle road.

Article (79)
Where the vehicle is equipped with reversing light, the driver may not use such light unless he intends to reverse and during reversing; taking into account that he shall not disturb other road users. The driver shall turns off such light once the reverse movement is completed.

Article (80)
Rapid transit vehicle drivers shall not use the upper headlight, high beams, and flashlights within populated areas. Drivers may use these lights outside these areas on condition it is used on intermittent basis when two vehicles meet in opposite directions at a minimum distance of 300 meters, to be turned off at a distance of 50 meters. Such lights shall not be used by a vehicle following another at a short distance. In such cases, lights may be used on intermittent basis to show the intention of overtaking. These lights shall not be used to dazzle other users of the road, or users of a parallel fairway, or railway. Generally, whenever the safety of the vehicle road or road sides so requires, the vehicle driver shall decelerate the speed whenever necessary.

Article (81)
During weather conditions where efficient vision is not ensured even in the morning, rapid transit vehicle drivers shall use alarming devices on intermittent basis. They shall drive at a maximum speed of 15 km/h and they may not overtake any other vehicle.

Article (82)
Vehicles' drivers shall turn on lights in the following cases:

1. On main roads.
2. Where using car lights is forbidden, while the light in place is not sufficient to grant the vehicle's driver a clear vision at an appropriate distance.
3. Where light in place is not sufficient enough to grant other vehicles' drivers a clear vision of the vehicle at an appropriate distance.
4. Where the vision is obscured and where the weather is foggy while the vehicle is not equipped with special lights for fog.

Article (83)
Vehicles' lights may be used on intermittent basis in a short period of time for warning reasons, and for overtaking another vehicle.

Article (84)
Vehicle's drivers may neither use vehicle lights within inhabited areas -where road lighting is sufficient- nor outside these areas where vehicle road lighting is sufficient to grant the driver a clear vision at an appropriate distance. The same is applicable when a vehicle parks or waits. These lights may be used only where it is essential to have a clear vision to drive safely during foggy or rainy weather and while driving in tunnels.

XI: Vehicles Loads

Article (85)
Loading and unloading of vehicles shall not take place on roads unless incidentally and on condition it is the only means to do the same. In such cases, loading and unloading process shall be done without let up and without endangering the road safety or pedestrians, or impeding traffic movement. The competent traffic unit – whenever necessary- may issue special permits to allow for loading and unloading in certain places and during determined time.

Article (86)
The vehicle load shall not exceed the permissible maximum weight noted on its license. Truck axes shall not exceed the axes of the tow vehicle thereof. A carriage load shall not be beyond the ability of draft animal.

Article (87)
The load, as well as, hitching and loading tools, shall be placed and organized safely on the vehicle in a manner that keeps them fixed during driving, and provides protection from falling or causing a disturbing noise. Particularly, the following shall be considered:

1. No harm shall be caused to individuals, public or private funds. No noise or any other materials that undermining health or the environment, endangering or disturbing others shall be emitted.
2. The vision shall not be obscured, vehicle's stability, and driving safety shall be ensured.
3. Hand signals, direction signals, vehicle's lights, reflective lenses, and plate numbers shall not be obscured.

Article (88)
All tools used to hitch, organize and protect the load as ropes, chains, and covers shall be durable, sound, and firmly fastened so as not to fall, slip, or tears.

Article (89)
If the box of the vehicle is intended for transporting ice, meat, milk, fish or slaughtered birds, it shall be zinc coated stainless steel, aluminum or tin of high quality. It shall also comply with other determined sanitary conditions. Other materials may not be transported in the box. Persons may not ride in the box even if it is empty.

Article (90)
If the vehicle is equipped with tanks for transporting water or other liquid materials, the tank specifications shall meet the following conditions.

1. It shall be made of solid metal as originally manufactured and shall prevent liquid leakage.
2. I shall be installed on a special holder in a safe manner
3. The filling ports shall be at the top of the tank and shall have a cap for firm sealing.
4. It shall be equipped with a valve that ensures gas leakage when pressure is increased inside the tank.
5. It shall be equipped with a tightly sealed faucet to prevent liquid leakage.
6. Tanks for transporting drinking water or liquid nutrition shall be coated with galvanized tin or galvanized iron sheets or similar metals that do not react chemically with the liquid and shall be coated with a stainless material and shall be specially marked.

Article (91)
If the box of the vehicle is intended to transport materials that may emit dust, odors, or disturbing / hazardous materials (such as gypsum, lime, cement, sand, coal, wastes and fertilizers), the box or tank must be firmly closed or at least covered in a manner that prevents the emission of any dust, odor and prevents the fall of any particles of the load thereof along its track.

Article (92)
In the cases mentioned in the previous articles, the dimensions of the box or tank along with the vehicle may not exceed the dimensions provided for in these regulations. Slow moving vehicles, except for hand carts, shall be provided with a special place for their driver next to the box or the tank.

Article (93)
The length or height of the load shall not extend beyond the height and the length of the vehicle's box unless otherwise permitted by the competent traffic unit at which the vehicle license was issued. Incidentally, the competent traffic unit in the district at which the vehicle trip starts may issue such permit after submission of the original insurance policy. In any case, loads shall not be placed over the cab of the vehicle. Where it is allowed to extend the vehicle's load beyond the vehicle's edges, the projecting load shall be marked with red reflective warning signs or with a projecting red flag at the rear and at the sides of the vehicle, or above the load. The flag size and color shall make it obvious to drivers of other vehicles. The projecting load shall be marked with a red light at night.

Article (94)
No explosives or hazardous materials may be transported in a vehicle without a special permit from the competent traffic unit upon the approval of the competent authorities and after taking the necessary security measures. The load shall be marked with the international mark indicating the load type.

Article (95)
Passengers may not be transported in cargo vehicles. Persons or passengers may not ride in the load box of these vehicles unless they are permitted by the Traffic Unit that issue such permits where these persons are required to accompany the cargo, to work, or when they move to their work site or return therefrom. In this case, number of passengers shall not exceed 8 persons. When necessary, and in cases of rebuilding bridges over the Nile, or cases of overcoming cotton worm, the competent Traffic Unit may permit passenger transportation in cargo vehicles during a determined period of time and along a certain track; provided that they do not exceed 25 persons in the vehicle and the vehicle is equipped with allocated seating. In all cases, compulsory insurance policy for permitted passengers shall be submitted. In such cases, people transportation shall be for free.

Article (96)
لNumber of passengers in rapid transit vehicles including carriages and private cars may not exceed the number determined on the license thereof

Article (97)
On the responsibility of its owner and driver, a vehicle may tow another broken down one for only one trip provided that the power of towing vehicle motor is not less than that of the towed vehicle. The towing vehicle shall be free of loads and persons, except for the driver thereof. The towing vehicle speed shall not exceed the maximum speed of tow vehicles. A reflective warning sign shall be placed on the towed vehicle.

XII : Passenger Vehicles

Article (98)
Taxis and carriages and the clothes of the driver thereof shall be clean at all times. The competent traffic unit may consult the competent local council regarding the allocation of a uniform for such drivers.

Article (99)
Taxis shall always be in good condition with adequate fuel and water. Carriages and animals thereof shall be in a good condition imposing no danger to road safety. Drivers of these vehicles shall not drive them on the road unless the aforementioned conditions are fulfilled. Travelling on the road is a considered an evidence thereto.

Article (100)

The driver shall not refrain from picking up passengers upon request with no justifications. Acceptable justifications are as follows:

1. Sudden breakdown that prevents or embeds the vehicle operation. In such cases the driver may – pursuant to article no. (33) of law- take the vehicle to the nearest police station or to the traffic unit for technical examination.
2. End of shift or break time; provided that the driver posts note on a visible location in the vehicle. Such note shall be sealed by the competent traffic authority.
3. Shifts shall be changed three times during the following periods:
   

• Before 07:00 a.m
• 10 am - 12 noon
• 19 :00 p.m - 20:00 pm
• After 22:00 p.m

The Governor may- upon a motion proposed by the competent traffic unit- modify these periods according to circumstances in each governorate or any district thereof. Breaks shall be as follows:
First break shall be during any of the following periods:

• From 10:00 am to 11:00 am
• From 11:00 am to 12:00 noon
• From 12:00 noon to 1:00 pm

Second break shall be during any of the following periods:

• From 04:00 pm to 05:00 pm
• From 11:00 pm to 12:00 midnight
• From 12:00midnight to 01:00 am

The driver of the vehicle shall choose his break during each of the previous periods. The competent traffic unit shall approve this choice on the basis of coordination to ensure that breaks are not concentrated during certain hours.

Article (101)
Taxi or carriage driver may not ask for extra fare that exceeds the decreed ones. Drivers of taxis that are equipped with taximeters may not pick up more passengers other than the existing ones till their trip is terminated.

 
Article (102)
Drivers of a rapid or slow transit vehicles, shall not speak to any of the passengers or the vehicle's staff, and shall not allow anyone to sit or stand beside him while driving.

 
Article (103)
Drivers of passengers vehicles may not allow the presence of passengers on the vehicle's stairs or any external part thereof. The driver of the vehicle shall be responsible for posting such instructions inside the vehicle.

Article (104)
A copper plate of 15 x 10 cm shall be fixed at the back of the headrest of the front seat in passenger vehicles including taxis and carriages. The vehicles number shall be engraved in black by zincography on the copper plate in both Arabic and English languages. The same numbers shall be painted externally in white in the middle of the vehicle's doors, and on the back right of the vehicle.The font size shall be of 10 cm length and 1 cm width. The vehicle may not be licensed unless the aforementioned plate and data are in place. ​